/* Pentana Stanton / Article (single post) template Same system as the Meet the Team, Insights and practice pages: navy hero with the faint grid and gold glow, white and cream sections, Cormorant + Inter, square 2px buttons, gold hairlines. The dynamic parts are real Elementor widgets (post title, excerpt, date, featured image, author box, post content, Posts, the global enquiry form). These rules restyle their markup, so every selector is written .pspt.pspt (0,3,x) or deeper to outrank Elementor's widget CSS and the site kit. Article prose rules only touch DIRECT children of the post-content widget, so the embedded blocks (Key takeaways, Quick answer, CTA, FAQ) keep their structure and are restyled explicitly below. Scoped under .pspt. */.pspt { --navy: #0f2a44; --navy-deep: #0a1f33; --gold: #c9a961; --gold-soft: #d4b97a; --gold-accent: #a8864a; --gold-text: #86683a; --cream: #f8f5ef; --line: #e2daca; --ink: #2a2a2a; --grey: #5f5f5f; --studio: #ecebe8; --on-navy-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78); --on-navy-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55); --hair-navy: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14); --serif: 'Cormorant Garamond', 'Playfair Display', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; --sans: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif; --ease: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 1); --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1); --max: 1200px; --gutter: clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px); --inline: max(var(--gutter), calc((100% - var(--max)) / 2)); --stick: 32px; font-family: var(--sans); color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }/* ---------- Reset ---------- */ .pspt *, .pspt *::before, .pspt *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } .pspt :where(h1, h2, h3, h4, p, ul, ol, li, figure, nav, details, summary) { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .pspt :where(ul, ol) { list-style: none; } .pspt :where(a), .pspt :where(a):hover, .pspt :where(a):focus { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; } /* Site kit styles bare `button` at (0,1,1) and its states at up to (0,3,0). */ .pspt.pspt :is(button) { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-radius: 0; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; min-height: 0; cursor: pointer; -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; } .pspt.pspt :is(button):is(:hover, :focus, :focus-visible, :active) { background-color: transparent; color: inherit; border-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; } .pspt :focus { outline: none; } .pspt :focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 4px; }/* Elementor containers: drop the kit's default padding and gaps; every layout below is explicit. */ .pspt.e-con, .pspt .e-con { --padding-top: 0px; --padding-bottom: 0px; --padding-left: 0px; --padding-right: 0px; --margin-top: 0px; --margin-bottom: 0px; --gap: 0px; --row-gap: 0px; --column-gap: 0px; --widgets-spacing: 0px; --widgets-spacing-row: 0px; --widgets-spacing-column: 0px; --content-width: 100%; --container-max-width: none; --width: 100%; --display: flex; --flex-direction: column; display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 0; gap: 0; min-height: 0; max-width: none; } .pspt.pspt-hero { display: block; } .pspt.pspt .elementor-widget, .pspt.pspt .elementor-widget:where(:not(:last-child)) { margin: 0; margin-block-end: 0; }/* ---------- Shared type ---------- */ .pspt-label { display: block; font: 500 12px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-text); } .pspt-rule { display: block; width: 28px; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; background: var(--gold); } .pspt-head { margin-bottom: clamp(32px, 4.4vw, 52px); } .pspt-head__title { margin-top: 12px; max-width: 30ch; font: 400 clamp(28px, 3vw, 40px)/1.15 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt-head__title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--gold-accent); }.pspt.pspt .pspt-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 10px; padding: 14px 24px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 2px; font: 500 13px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; transition: background-color 220ms ease, color 220ms ease, border-color 220ms ease; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-btn--gold { background-color: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-btn--gold:is(:hover, :focus-visible) { background-color: transparent; border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold-soft); }/* Reading progress line (sits under the WordPress admin bar when logged in) */ .pspt-progress { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 9990; height: 3px; pointer-events: none; } .pspt-progress span { display: block; height: 100%; background: var(--gold); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: 0 50%; } body.admin-bar .pspt-progress { top: 32px; } @media (max-width: 782px) { body.admin-bar .pspt-progress { top: 46px; } }/* ---------- Hero ---------- */ .pspt.pspt-hero { position: relative; overflow: hidden; color: #fff; background: radial-gradient(120% 80% at 80% 20%, rgba(201, 169, 97, 0.08), transparent 60%), linear-gradient(180deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-deep) 100%); } .pspt.pspt-hero::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none; opacity: 0.6; mix-blend-mode: normal; background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025) 1px, transparent 1px); background-size: 80px 80px; -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 30%, transparent 80%); mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 30%, transparent 80%); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__grid { position: relative; z-index: 1; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr); gap: clamp(40px, 6vw, 96px); align-items: center; padding: clamp(56px, 7vw, 96px) var(--inline) clamp(64px, 8vw, 104px); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; min-width: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__text > .elementor-widget { width: 100%; } .pspt-crumbs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 26px; font: 500 11px/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-navy-3); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-crumbs a { color: var(--on-navy-3); transition: color 0.3s var(--ease); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-crumbs a:hover { color: #fff; } .pspt-crumbs__sep { opacity: 0.6; } .pspt-kicker { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 12px; min-height: 16px; font: 500 12px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-navy-3); } .pspt-kicker__label { color: var(--gold-soft); } .pspt-kicker__label:not(:empty) + .pspt-kicker__time:not(:empty)::before { content: '\00B7'; margin-right: 12px; color: var(--gold); }.pspt.pspt .pspt-title { margin-top: 16px; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-title .elementor-heading-title { max-width: 22ch; margin: 0; padding: 0; font: 400 clamp(34px, 3.9vw, 54px)/1.1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.02em; text-transform: none; color: #fff; text-wrap: balance; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-lede { margin-top: 22px; max-width: 58ch; font: 300 clamp(16px, 1.25vw, 18px)/1.7 var(--sans); color: var(--on-navy-2); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-lede p { margin: 0; font: inherit; color: inherit; }.pspt.pspt .pspt-byline { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px 22px; width: 100%; max-width: 58ch; margin-top: 32px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hair-navy); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline > .elementor-widget { width: auto; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box__avatar { flex: none; margin: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box__avatar img { display: block; width: 44px; height: 44px; margin: 0; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(201, 169, 97, 0.55); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box__name { margin: 0; font: 500 15px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.01em; text-transform: none; color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box__bio, .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline .elementor-author-box__button { display: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-date { padding-left: 22px; border-left: 1px solid var(--hair-navy); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-date .elementor-heading-title { margin: 0; font: 400 14px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.01em; text-transform: none; color: var(--on-navy-3); }.pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__media { position: relative; min-width: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__img { position: relative; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__img::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 16px -16px -16px 16px; border: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 97, 0.5); pointer-events: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__img img { position: relative; display: block; width: 100%; max-width: none; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; margin: 0; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 30%; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 40px 80px -40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); } .pspt.pspt-hero.pspt-hero--noimg .pspt-hero__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } .pspt.pspt-hero.pspt-hero--noimg .pspt-hero__media { display: none; }.pspt-hero [data-rise] { animation: pspt-rise 0.9s var(--ease-out) both; animation-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 90ms + 60ms); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-byline { animation: pspt-rise 0.9s var(--ease-out) 0.3s both; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-hero__media { animation: pspt-fade 1.2s var(--ease-out) 0.1s both; }/* ---------- Body: article + sticky aside ---------- */ .pspt.pspt-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 740px) 300px; justify-content: space-between; align-items: start; column-gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 112px); padding: clamp(56px, 7vw, 96px) var(--inline) clamp(72px, 9vw, 120px); background: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-main { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-aside { position: sticky; top: var(--stick); display: block; min-width: 0; } body.admin-bar .pspt.pspt .pspt-aside { top: calc(var(--stick) + 32px); }/* Article prose (direct children of the post content widget) */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article { font: 400 17px/1.8 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > * { margin: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > * + * { margin-top: 1.2em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > p { font: 400 17px/1.8 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(h2, h3) { margin-top: 2.3em; scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--stick) + 8px); font: 500 clamp(26px, 2.3vw, 32px)/1.2 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-transform: none; color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(h2, h3)::before { content: ''; display: block; width: 28px; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; background: var(--gold); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > h4, .pspt.pspt .pspt-article.pspt-article--h2 > h3 { margin-top: 1.9em; scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--stick) + 8px); font: 600 17.5px/1.45 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0; text-transform: none; color: var(--navy); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article.pspt-article--h2 > h3::before { display: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(h2, h3, h4) + * { margin-top: 0.7em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(p, ul, ol, h2, h3, h4, blockquote, figure, table, div:not([class])) a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(168, 134, 74, 0.6); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: color 0.25s var(--ease), text-decoration-color 0.25s var(--ease); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(p, ul, ol, h2, h3, h4, blockquote, figure, table, div:not([class])) a:hover { color: var(--gold-text); text-decoration-color: var(--gold); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(p, ul, ol, blockquote, table, figure) :is(strong, b) { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(ul, ol) { padding: 0; list-style: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(ul, ol) > li { position: relative; margin: 0; padding-left: 28px; font: inherit; color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(ul, ol) > li + li { margin-top: 0.55em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > ul > li::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 0.9em; width: 12px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold-accent); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > ol { counter-reset: pspt-ol; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > ol > li { counter-increment: pspt-ol; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > ol > li::before { content: counter(pspt-ol) '.'; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; font: italic 500 19px/1.6 var(--serif); color: var(--gold-accent); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > figure { margin-top: 2em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > figure + * { margin-top: 2em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .wp-block-image img, .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > p > img { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 0; border-radius: 2px; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > blockquote { padding: 4px 0 4px 24px; border-left: 2px solid var(--gold); font: italic 400 22px/1.5 var(--serif); color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > blockquote p { margin: 0; font: inherit; color: inherit; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > hr { height: 1px; margin-block: 2.4em; border: 0; background: var(--line); }/* Tables */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > :is(figure.wp-block-table, table) { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article table { width: 100%; min-width: 480px; margin: 0; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0; font: 400 15px/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article :is(th, td) { padding: 12px 14px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article :is(thead th, thead td, tr:first-child th) { background: var(--cream); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gold); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-deep); }/* Embedded block: Key takeaways (Summaraize plugin) */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > .summaraize-wrap { margin: 0 0 2.2em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize { margin: 0; padding: 28px 32px 30px; background: var(--cream); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 2px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 2px; color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize .summaraize-title { margin: 0 0 16px; font: 500 12px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-text); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize :is(ul, ol) { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize li { position: relative; margin: 0; padding-left: 26px; font: 400 15.5px/1.65 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize li:hover { color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize li + li { margin-top: 10px; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .summaraize li::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.85em; width: 12px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold-accent); }/* Embedded block: Quick answer */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > .bb-aeo-block { margin-block: 2.4em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-block { border-radius: 2px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-deep) 100%); box-shadow: none; overflow: hidden; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-inner { padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px); color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-label { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 500 12px/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-soft); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-title { margin: 0 0 18px; font: 400 clamp(24px, 2.2vw, 30px)/1.2 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-transform: none; color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-text { margin: 0 0 14px; font: 300 16px/1.75 var(--sans); color: var(--on-navy-2); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-list { margin: 18px 0 0; padding-left: 20px; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-list li { margin-bottom: 10px; font: 300 16px/1.65 var(--sans); color: var(--on-navy-2); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-footnote { margin: 20px 0 0; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hair-navy); font: 400 14px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--on-navy-3); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-block :is(strong, b) { font-weight: 500; color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-aeo-block a { color: var(--gold-soft); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }/* Embedded block: mid-article call to action */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article > .bb-cta-block { margin-block: 2.8em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-block { padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 52px) clamp(24px, 4.4vw, 48px); border-radius: 2px; text-align: left; box-shadow: none; background: radial-gradient(120% 90% at 90% 0%, rgba(201, 169, 97, 0.14), transparent 60%), linear-gradient(180deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-deep) 100%); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-inner { max-width: 560px; margin: 0; color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-title { margin: 0 0 14px; font: 400 clamp(26px, 2.4vw, 32px)/1.18 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-transform: none; color: #fff; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-text { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 300 16px/1.75 var(--sans); color: var(--on-navy-2); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-top: 18px; padding: 14px 24px; border: 1px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 2px; background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-deep); font: 500 13px/1.35 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; transition: background-color 220ms ease, color 220ms ease; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article .bb-cta-button:is(:hover, :focus-visible) { background: transparent; color: var(--gold-soft); }/* Embedded block: Rank Math FAQ, as an accordion (post.js adds the toggles; without JS every answer shows). Markup: #rank-math-faq > .rank-math-list > .rank-math-list-item > h3.rank-math-question + .rank-math-answer. The site's Additional CSS styles the question with !important at (1,1,0), so the few overrides that must win carry !important at (1,4,0). */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq.rank-math-block { max-width: none; margin: 1em 0 0; padding: 0; background: none; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--navy-deep); border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; font-family: var(--sans); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-list-item { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-question { display: block; position: static; margin: 0 !important; padding: 22px 56px 22px 0; font: 600 17px/1.45 var(--sans) !important; letter-spacing: 0; text-transform: none; color: var(--navy-deep) !important; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-question::before, .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-question::after { content: none; display: none; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-question strong { font-weight: inherit; color: inherit; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-answer { margin: 0; padding: 0 56px 24px 0; font: 400 16px/1.75 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-answer p { margin: 0; font: inherit; color: inherit; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-answer p + p { margin-top: 0.8em; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq .rank-math-answer a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(168, 134, 74, 0.6); text-underline-offset: 3px; }/* Accordion state (only once post.js has run) */ .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq.pspt-faq .rank-math-question { padding: 0; } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq.pspt-faq .pspt-faq__toggle { position: relative; display: block; width: 100%; padding: 22px 56px 22px 0; text-align: left; font: inherit; color: inherit; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.25s var(--ease); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq.pspt-faq .pspt-faq__toggle:hover { color: var(--gold-text); } .pspt.pspt .pspt-article #rank-math-faq.pspt-faq .pspt-faq__toggle:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 2px; } .pspt-faq__icon { position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 4px; width: 30px; height: 30px; margin-top: -15px; border: 1px solid rgba(168, 134, 74, 0.55); border-radius: 50%; transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease), border-color 0.3s var(--ease); } .pspt-faq__icon::before, .pspt-faq__icon::after { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; width: 11px; height: 1px; margin: -0.5px 0 0 -5.5px; background: var(--gold-accent); transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-out), background-color 0.3s var(--ease); } .pspt-faq__icon::after { transform: rotate(90deg); } .pspt-faq .is-open .pspt-faq__icon { background: var(--navy-deep); border-color: var(--navy-deep); } .pspt-faq .is-open .pspt-faq__icon::before, .pspt-faq .is-open .pspt-faq__icon::after { background: var(--gold-soft); 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案例摘要 – 家庭法命令的执行:Powell & Powell [2024] FedCFamC2F 1650

在 Powell v Powell [2024] 一案中,澳大利亚联邦巡回法院和家事法院解决了围绕亲权令执行和诉讼不当行为后果的关键问题。法院的裁决强调了家庭法中稳定性的重要性,强调在情况没有发生重大变化的情况下,不应轻易重启最终的亲子关系令。此案有力地提醒我们,司法机构致力于保护儿童和照顾者免受无理取闹的法律诉讼。了解该判决的影响以及它如何塑造家庭法的未来。
坐在窗台上的小熊儿童玩具,代表家庭法育儿令保护

导言

鲍威尔诉鲍威尔案[2024] FedCFamC2F 1650这是澳大利亚联邦巡回法院和家事法院(第 2 分部)做出的一项重要判决,涉及家庭法的关键方面,包括最终养育令的执行、诉讼不当行为的后果以及根据《1975 年家庭法》(澳大利亚联邦)实施有害诉讼令。此案强调了司法机构处理重复亲子关系纠纷的方法、根据第 65DAAA 条重审最终亲子关系令的严格门槛,以及保护诉讼当事人和儿童免受滥用或无理取闹的法律诉讼的补救措施。此外,该报告还强调了法院对滥用法律制度骚扰或加重父母另一方负担的当事人实施经济处罚和程序障碍的意愿。

背景介绍

鲍威尔先生和鲍威尔女士是孩子 X(2016 年出生)的父母,他们在亲子关系安排方面的诉讼由来已久且争议不断。经过广泛的诉讼程序后,双方于 2021 年 6 月 2 日达成一致,发布了最终育儿令,授予母亲唯一的育儿责任,并为父亲与 X 的相处时间制定了结构化的分阶段时间表。

不到两年后,即 2023 年 3 月 6 日,孩子的父亲提交了一份启动申请,寻求修改命令。他在申请中要求获得平等分担父母责任的命令、平等的生活时间安排以及取消对他施加的药物测试条件。母亲反对该申请,认为情况没有发生重大变化,没有理由按照《家庭法》第 65DAAA 条的要求重新考虑现有命令。

在 2024 年 7 月 18-19 日举行的听证会上,父亲接受了广泛的盘问。在作证之后,他撤回了申请。因此,母亲要求法院下达附加命令,包括针对父亲的费用令,以支付她的法律费用;因父亲在诉讼中的行为而下达的赔偿费用令;以及根据第 102QAC 条下达的有害诉讼令,以防止父亲在未事先获得法院许可的情况下启动未来的亲子关系诉讼。

关键法律问题和法院面临的问题

法院必须考虑

  1. 重新审理最终亲子关系令:鉴于情况发生重大变化的要求,父亲是否达到了第65DAAA条规定的门槛,从而有理由重新考虑现有命令。
  2. 訟費令及彌償訟費:父亲在诉讼中的行为是否不合理,以至于有理由根据《1975 年家庭法法案》(澳大利亚联邦)第117条发出特别费用令或赔偿费用令。 1975 年家庭法法案》(澳大利亚联邦)第 117 条.
  3. 有害诉讼令:根据1975 年《家庭法》(澳大利亚联邦)第102QAC条的规定,父亲的反复诉讼是否构成有害诉讼,从而有理由限制其提起进一步法律诉讼的能力。

判例和引用的先例

法院依据既定的法律原则和先例来评估争议问题,其中包括

  1. Carey & Prescott (No 2) [2024] FedCFamC1F 512– 审查了法院在家庭法事务中发布有害诉讼令的权力,以防止正在进行的诉讼对父母或子女造成负面影响的无理缠讼。
    链接:完整案例
  • Huda & Huda & Anor (Costs) [2017] FamCAFC 104– 考虑了赔偿费用的判定原则,以及一方当事人的不合理诉讼行为在何种情况下有理由获得更高的费用命令。
    链接:完整案例
  • Penfold v Penfold [1980] HCA 4;(1980) 144 CLR 311– 根据《家庭法法案》第 117 条确定了在家庭法诉讼中是否应判败诉方支付费用的主要原则。
    链接:完整案例
  • Sfakianakis & Sfakianakis [2019] FamCAFC 54– 明确了法院在批准特别费用令方面的自由裁量权,特别是在涉及长期和不必要诉讼的案件中。
    链接:完整案例
  • McEnearney & McEnearney (1980) FamCA 43– 考虑了长期家庭法纠纷对儿童的心理影响,以及反复诉讼如何对儿童的福祉造成伤害。
    链接:完整案例
  • Whisprun Pty Ltd 诉 Dixon [2003] HCA 48– 确认法院无需处理一方当事人提出的每一个论点,特别是在索赔没有合理胜诉前景的情况下。
    链接:完整案例

有关引用案例的完整清单,请参阅判决书全文。

法院的裁决

  1. 最终育儿令保持不变:法院裁定,根据第 65DAAA 条,父亲未能证明情况发生了重大变化。原来的命令仍然有效,由于缺乏可信的证据来取消药物测试制度,因此维持原判。
  2. 父亲撤回申请并承担费用:在盘问之后,父亲撤回了申请。法院认为他的行为导致了不必要的法律费用,并下达了特别费用令,要求他在 2025 年 2 月 21 日前向母亲支付 80,000 美元。
  3. 批准有害诉讼令:法院裁定母亲和孩子因反复诉讼而受到伤害。为防止出现进一步的困扰,法院根据第 102QAC 条签发了有害诉讼令,禁止父亲在未经法院许可的情况下提起进一步的亲子诉讼。

法律影响和先例摘要

本案强化了澳大利亚家庭法中的几项关键原则。法院重申,除非情况发生重大变化,否则不应轻易重新下达最终的养育令,以确保家庭法事务的稳定性。该判决还表明,诉讼不当行为会产生经济后果,因此应强制执行特别费用令,以阻止不必要的法律纠纷。判决强调了有害诉讼令在保护当事人免受无理诉讼方面的重要性,并加强了法院在保障儿童福利方面的作用,承认了过度的法律冲突所造成的心理伤害。

关键词

  • 家庭法
  • 育儿令
  • 诉讼滥用
  • 费用令
  • 有害诉讼令
  • 赔偿费用
  • 特别费用令
  • 第 65DAAA 条
  • 第 102QAC 条
  • 澳大利亚联邦巡回法院和家事法院

结论和行动呼吁

Powell v Powell[2024] 案是一个具有里程碑意义的案件,它强调了抚养令的终局性、琐碎诉讼的经济和情感后果以及法院在保护儿童和照顾者免受法律骚扰方面的积极作用。该裁决强化了司法机构反对不必要和无理取闹诉讼的坚定立场,确保除非情况发生重大变化,否则抚养令将得到维持。

如果您需要有关养育令、家庭法律纠纷方面的帮助,或对重复诉讼有疑虑,Pentana Stanton Lawyers 律师事务所将竭诚为您服务。我们经验丰富的家庭法团队可为您提供战略性的法律建议和代理服务,以维护您的权利并保护您家庭的最佳利益。

请立即联系我们,我们将根据您的情况为您提供专业指导。

鲍威尔诉鲍威尔案 [2024] 给家庭法带来的主要启示是什么?

Powell 诉 Powell [2024] 案强化了在变更最终养育令之前,情况必须发生重大变化的规定。该案表明了司法部门在家庭法事务中对稳定和防止无理诉讼的承诺。
关于作者
Picture of Jesse LaGreca
Jesse LaGreca
Jesse LaGreca is a Partner and Principal Solicitor at Pentana Stanton Lawyers, admitted to practise before the Supreme Court of Victoria and the High Court of Australia. A graduate of Monash University (Law) and La Trobe University (Business), Jesse specialises in commercial law, family law, and professional negligence, with particular expertise in complex property disputes and advising entrepreneurs and growing businesses. His practical, results-driven approach — spanning advisory work through to court advocacy — ensures clients receive comprehensive representation at every stage of their matter.
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